![]() Alternative is the compilation album by English synthpop duo Pet Shop Boys. It was first released in 1995. Alternative is a 2-disc set, consisting of. Title: Translit.am - Armenian Translit. Translit, online, phonetic, transliteration, transliteracija, armenia. Alternative domain names to translit.am that. ![]() Regions where Armenian is the language of the majority This article contains phonetic symbols. Without proper, you may see instead of characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see. The Armenian language (: հայերէն;: հայերեն hayeren) occupies an independent branch of the tree. ![]() It is the official language of the and the. It has historically been spoken throughout the and today is widely spoken in the. Armenian is written using the, introduced in AD 405. Armenian has developed since the separation from Indo-European mother tongue in the third millennium BC to at least the time of the first Armenian dynasty (the, founded in the 6th century BC). Hellenistic influences during the (2nd century BC to 1st century AD) led to word borrowings from Greek and Latin. As the state language of the succeeding (1st to 5th century) was, a large portion of Armenian vocabulary has been formed from Parthian borrowings. The earliest extant form of written Armenian is from the 5th century and is known as (5th to 11th century); translations of the Bible and other religious texts during this period led to extensive word borrowings from Hebrew and Syriac. ![]() (12th to 15th century) began with the establishment of the in the 12th century and is marked by an increased influence of European languages on Armenian, particularly (which had become the secondary language of the Cilician nobility) and (which had become the secondary language of Cilician commerce). Middle Armenian is the first written form of Armenian to display Western-type voicing qualities. (16th to 18th centuries) is a mix of Middle Armenian and an evolving, non-standardized literary Modern Armenian (in,, the, and the Persian Armenian communities, particularly ). As Armenian communities were spread across a large geographic area during this period, early Modern Armenian was influenced by the languages of host societies, with a large amount of loan words being borrowed from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Georgian, and smaller amounts in Latin, Greek, Italian, French, German, Polish, Hungarian, and Russian. ![]() At the turn of the twentieth century, the Armenian linguist identified 31 spoken Armenian dialects and classified them into 3 branches (7 dialects of the '-oom' branch, loosely corresponding to Eastern Armenian dialects; 21 dialects of the '-gu' branch, loosely corresponding to Western Armenian dialects; and 3 dialects of the '-el' branch). The two standard forms of written Modern Armenian – and – began to take shape during the early to mid 19th century, with Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire being the center of literary Western Armenian, and in the Russian Empire being the center of literary Eastern Armenian. The of 1915-1923 had a catastrophic impact on the Armenian population living in the Armenian homeland, with two-thirds of the total Armenian population being killed and nearly all of the remaining Armenian population living in the Ottoman Empire being expelled from their ancestral homeland; this had an especially catastrophic effect on the 21 Western Armenian dialects. While some survivors from the western regions of the Ottoman Empire fled as far as the United States, France, and South America, most fled south to Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Iraq, with becoming the new center of literary Western Armenian. With the migration of survivors from eastern regions of the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Empire, the emergence of the in 1922, and the migration of Armenian intellectuals of Tiflis to the new Republic, became the new center of literary Eastern Armenian. Eastern Armenian was influenced from the Russian rule and incorporated some loanwords, while Western Armenian was influenced by the diaspora in Arabic speaking countries. Various implemented in Soviet Armenia in the 1920s led to a further divide between the literary Eastern and literary Western Armenian languages, with the latter (and Eastern Armenian writers of Iran) continuing to use.
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